http://www.recitequran.com/en/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/34:1
﴿ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِى لَهُ ۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَهُ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ فِى ٱلۡأَخِرَةِۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ٱلۡخَبِيرُ • يَعۡلَمُ مَا يَلِجُ فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا يَخۡرُجُ مِنۡہَا وَمَا يَنزِلُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَمَا يَعۡرُجُ فِيہَاۚ وَهُوَ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ﴾
﴿ وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَا تَأۡتِينَا ٱلسَّاعَةُۖ قُلۡ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّى لَتَأۡتِيَنَّڪُمۡ عَـٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِۖ لَا يَعۡزُبُ عَنۡهُ مِثۡقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ۬ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَلَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَآ أَصۡغَرُ مِن ذَٲلِكَ وَلَآ أَڪۡبَرُ إِلَّا فِى ڪِتَـٰبٍ۬ مُّبِينٍ۬ • لِّيَجۡزِىَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِۚ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ۬ وَرِزۡقٌ۬ ڪَرِيمٌ۬ • وَٱلَّذِينَ سَعَوۡ فِىٓ ءَايَـٰتِنَا مُعَـٰجِزِينَ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٌ۬ • وَيَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡعِلۡمَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ هُوَ ٱلۡحَقَّ وَيَهۡدِىٓ إِلَىٰ صِرَٲطِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡحَمِيدِ ﴾
﴿ لِّيَجۡزِىَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِۚ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ۬ وَرِزۡقٌ۬ ڪَرِيمٌ۬ • وَٱلَّذِينَ سَعَوۡ فِىٓ ءَايَـٰتِنَا مُعَـٰجِزِينَ ﴾
﴿ وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ هَلۡ نَدُلُّكُمۡ عَلَىٰ رَجُلٍ۬ يُنَبِّئُكُمۡ إِذَا مُزِّقۡتُمۡ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ إِنَّكُمۡ لَفِى خَلۡقٍ۬ جَدِيدٍ • أَفۡتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَم بِهِۦ جِنَّۗةُۢ بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡأَخِرَةِ فِى ٱلۡعَذَابِ وَٱلضَّلَـٰلِ ٱلۡبَعِيدِ • أَفَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ إِلَىٰ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ إِن نَّشَأۡ نَخۡسِفۡ بِهِمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ أَوۡ نُسۡقِطۡ عَلَيۡہِمۡ كِسَفً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٲلِكَ لَأَيَةً۬ لِّكُلِّ عَبۡدٍ۬ مُّنِيبٍ۬ ﴾
34
SABA'
SHEBA
Verse
1
Page 428
WHICH WAS REVEALED IN MAKKAH
﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
(1. All praise is due to Allah, to Whom belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth. His is all praise in the Hereafter, and He is the All-Wise, the All-Aware.) (2. He knows that which goes into the earth and that which comes forth from it, and that which descends from the heaven and that which ascends to it. And He is the Most Merciful, the Oft-Forgiving.)
ALL PRAISE AND THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE UNSEEN BELONG TO ALLAH ALONE
Allah tells us that all praise belongs to Him alone in this world and in the Hereafter, because He is the Giver and Bestower who gives to the people of this world and the Hereafter, the Sovereign and Controller of all. Allah says:
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ لَهُ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ فِى ٱلۡأُولَىٰ وَٱلۡأَخِرَةِۖ وَلَهُ ٱلۡحُكۡمُ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ ﴾
(And He is Allah; none has the right to be worshipped but He, all praise is due to Him (both) in the first (i.e., in this world) and in the last (the Hereafter). And for Him is the decision, and to Him shall you (all) be returned.) (28:70). Allah says:
﴿ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِى لَهُ ۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ ﴾
(All praise is due to Allah, to Whom belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth.) meaning, all of it is His dominion and is enslaved by Him and subject to His control, as Allah says:
﴿ وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلۡأَخِرَةَ وَٱلۡأُولَىٰ ﴾
(And truly, unto Us (belong) the last (Hereafter) and the first (this world)) (92:13). Then Allah says:
﴿ وَلَهُ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ فِى ٱلۡأَخِرَةِۚ ﴾
(His is all praise in the Hereafter,) for He is the One Who will be worshipped forever and praised for eternity.
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ ﴾
and He is the All-Wise, means, in all that He says and does, legislates and decrees.
﴿ ٱلۡخَبِيرُ ﴾
the All-Aware. from Whom nothing at all is hidden or concealed. Malik narrated that Az-Zuhri said, He is All-Aware of His creation, All-Wise in His commands. Allah says:
﴿ يَعۡلَمُ مَا يَلِجُ فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا يَخۡرُجُ مِنۡہَا ﴾
(He knows that which goes into the earth and that which comes forth from it,) meaning, He knows the number of raindrops that sink into the depths of the earth, and the seeds that have been sown, and the things that are hidden in it, and He knows what comes forth from that, how many they are, how they grow and what they look like.
﴿ وَمَا يَنزِلُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ ﴾
(and that which descends from the heaven) means, of raindrops and provision, and what ascends into it, i.e., righteous deeds and other things.
﴿ وَهُوَ ٱلرَّحِيمُ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ﴾
(And He is the Most Merciful, the Oft-Forgiving.) means, He is Most Merciful to His servants; He does not hasten to punish them, and He forgives the sins of those who repent to Him and put their trust in Him.
(3. Those who disbelieve say: "The Hour will not come to us.'' Say: "Yes, by my Lord, the All-Knower of the Unseen, it will come to you; not even the weight of a speck of dust or less than that or greater escapes His knowledge in the heavens or in the earth but it is in a Clear Book.'') (4. That He may recompense those who believe and do righteous good deeds. Those, theirs is forgiveness and generous provision.) (5. But those who strive against Our Ayat to frustrate them -- those, for them will be a severe painful torment.) (6. And those who have been given knowledge see that what is revealed to you from your Lord is the truth, and that it guides to the path of the Exalted in might, Owner of all praise.)
THE HOUR WILL COME SO THAT EACH PERSON WILL BE REWARDED OR PUNISHED IN ACCORDANCE WITH HIS DEEDS
This is one of three Ayat -- there is no fourth -- where Allah commands His Messenger to swear by His Almighty Lord that the resurrection will surely come, because the stubborn followers of disbelief denied that it would happen. One of these Ayat is in Surah Yunus, where Allah says:
﴿ وَيَسۡتَنۢبِـُٔونَكَ أَحَقٌّ هُوَۖ قُلۡ إِى وَرَبِّىٓ إِنَّهُ ۥ لَحَقٌّ۬ۖ وَمَآ أَنتُم بِمُعۡجِزِينَ ﴾
(And they ask you to inform them (saying): "Is it true'' Say: "Yes! By my Lord! It is the very truth! and you cannot escape it!'') (10:53). The second of these Ayat is this one:
﴿ وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَا تَأۡتِينَا ٱلسَّاعَةُۖ قُلۡ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّى لَتَأۡتِيَنَّڪُمۡ ﴾
(Those who disbelieve say: "The Hour will not come to us.'' Say: "Yes, by my Lord, it will come to you...''). And the third of them appears in Surat At-Taghabun, where Allah says:
﴿ زَعَمَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ أَن لَّن يُبۡعَثُواْۚ قُلۡ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّى لَتُبۡعَثُنَّ ثُمَّ لَتُنَبَّؤُنَّ بِمَا عَمِلۡتُمۡۚ وَذَٲلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٌ۬ ﴾
(The disbelievers pretend that they will never be resurrected (for reckoning). Say: "Yes! By my Lord, you will certainly be resurrected, then you will be informed of what you did; and that is easy for Allah'') (64:7). And Allah says here:
﴿ قُلۡ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّى لَتَأۡتِيَنَّڪُمۡ ﴾
(Say: "Yes, by my Lord, it will come to you...'') Then Allah is described in a manner that affirms that:
﴿ عَـٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِۖ لَا يَعۡزُبُ عَنۡهُ مِثۡقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ۬ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَلَا فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَآ أَصۡغَرُ مِن ذَٲلِكَ وَلَآ أَڪۡبَرُ إِلَّا فِى ڪِتَـٰبٍ۬ مُّبِينٍ۬ ﴾
(the All-Knower of the Unseen, not even the weight of a speck of dust or less than that or greater escapes His knowledge in the heavens or in the earth but it is in a Clear Book.) Mujahid and Qatadah said, "Nothing is hidden or concealed from Him.'' In other words, everything is encompassed by His knowledge, and nothing is hidden from Him. Even though bones may be scattered and disintegrate, He knows where they have gone and where they have dispersed, then He will bring them back just as He created them in the first place, because He has knowledge of all things. Then Allah tells us of His wisdom in re-creating bodies and bringing about the Hour, as He says:
(That He may recompense those who believe and do righteous good deeds. Those, theirs is forgiveness and generous provision. But those who strive against Our Ayat to frustrate them) meaning, those who try to turn others away from the path of Allah and who disbelieve His Messengers,
﴿ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ۬ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٌ۬ ﴾
(those, for them will be a severe painful torment.) This means, He will bestow His favor upon the blessed, who are the believers, and will punish the doomed, who are the disbelievers. This is like the Ayah:
﴿ لَا يَسۡتَوِىٓ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِۚ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ هُمُ ٱلۡفَآٮِٕزُونَ ﴾
(Not equal are the dwellers of the Fire and the dwellers of the Paradise. It is the dwellers of Paradise that will be successful.) (59:20)
﴿ أَمۡ نَجۡعَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ كَٱلۡمُفۡسِدِينَ فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَمۡ نَجۡعَلُ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ كَٱلۡفُجَّارِ ﴾
(Shall We treat those who believe and do righteous good deeds like those who cause mischief on the earth Or shall We treat those who have Taqwa as the evildoers) (38:28)
﴿ وَيَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡعِلۡمَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ هُوَ ٱلۡحَقَّ ﴾
(And those who have been given knowledge see that what is revealed to you from your Lord is the truth,) This is another kind of wisdom, following on from the one before, which is that when those who believed in what was revealed to the Messengers see the onset of the Hour and how the righteous and the wicked will be rewarded and punished respectively, which they knew of beforehand in this world from the Books of Allah and which they are now seeing with their own eyes, they will say:
﴿ لَقَدۡ جَآءَتۡ رُسُلُ رَبِّنَا بِٱلۡحَقِّۖ ﴾
(Indeed, the Messengers of our Lord did come with the truth) (7:43). And it will be said:
﴿ هَـٰذَا مَا وَعَدَ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ وَصَدَقَ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلُونَ ﴾
(This is what the Most Gracious had promised, and the Messengers spoke truth!) (36:52)
﴿ لَقَدۡ لَبِثۡتُمۡ فِى كِتَـٰبِ ٱللَّهِ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ ٱلۡبَعۡثِۖ فَهَـٰذَا يَوۡمُ ٱلۡبَعۡثِ ﴾
(Indeed you have stayed according to the decree of Allah, until the Day of Resurrection; so this is the Day of Resurrection) (30:56),
﴿ وَيَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡعِلۡمَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ هُوَ ٱلۡحَقَّ وَيَهۡدِىٓ إِلَىٰ صِرَٲطِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡحَمِيدِ ﴾
(And those who have been given knowledge see that what is revealed to you from your Lord is the truth, and that it guides to the path of the Exalted in might, Owner of all praise.) The Exalted in might is the One Who is All-Powerful, Whom none can overwhelm or resist, but He subjugates and controls all things. The Owner of All praise is the One Who, in all His words, deeds, laws and decrees, is deserving of praise, may He be glorified and exalted.
(7. Those who disbelieve say: "Shall we direct you to a man who will tell you (that) when you have become fully disintegrated into dust with full dispersion, then you will be created (again) anew'') (8. Has he invented a lie against Allah, or is there a madness in him Nay, but those who disbelieve in the Hereafter are (themselves) in a torment, and in far error.) (9. See they not what is before them and what is behind them, of the heaven and the earth If We will, We shall sink the earth with them, or cause a piece of the heaven to fall upon them. Verily, in this is a sign for every servant who turns (to Allah) in repentance.)
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